Hinge-mortising tool



' Oct. 19, 1926. v

I J. A. WALLER HINGE MORTISING TOOL Filed Jan. 12, 1925 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 HIIIIIH INVENTOR. JOHN A. WALLER ATTORNEY.

Patented Oct. 19, was.

entree stares PATENT @FFIQE.

JOHN A. VVALLER, OF LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA, ASSIGNOR OF FORTY-NINE PER GENT TO OLE J. HAUGEN, 0F LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA, AND OF FIFTY-ONE PER CENT 'IO WALLER TOOL COMPANY, OF LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA, A CORPORA- TION OF CALIFORNIA.

HINGE-MORTISING TOOL.

Application filed. January 12, 1925.

This invention has relation more specifically to that class of tools designed for forming mortiscs in door or window frames for the reception of hinge leaves.

A main object of the invention is to provide a simple mortising tool which may be quickly and accurately adjusted to form seats of various dimensions for hinge leaves in substantially a single operation.

Another object is to provide a tool that will effect cuts in unusually hard varieties of woods with a minimum of effort on the part of the operator.

Another object is to provide a tool in which the depth cuts of the knives may be quickly regulated, and in which the cutting knives can be easily removed therefrom for resharpening.

A further object is to provide a mortising tool having the most logical disposition of parts in order to obtain simplicity of construction and operation without decreasing its efficiency or increasing its cost of manufacture or maintenance.

The above and other objects are accomplished by means of the tool hereinafter described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which:

Fig. 1 is a side elevation of the tool applied to a door frame, preparatory to forming a hinge seat cut.

Fig. 2 is a bottom plan View of the same.

Fig. 3 is a detail plan of a portion of the knife carrying mechanism taken on line 3-3 of Fig. 1.

Fig. l is an enlarged partial detail section, illustrating the position of the cut forming mechanism after the side and bot tom wall cuts have been completed.

Fig. 5 is an enlarged transverse detail section of the tool taken on line 5-5 of Fig. 4.

1* 6 1s a transverse section of the tool cutting mechanism taken 011 line 66 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 7 is a detail transverse sectional plan view taken on line 77 of Fig. 6.

Fig. 8 is a central longitudinal section through a modified form of tool designed for forming seats in unusually hard woods, the side wall cuts having been made.

Serial No. 1,812.

Fig. 9 is an enlarged detail longitudinal section showing the position of the tool after the cuts have been formed.

Fig. 10 is a transverse section of the tool taken on line 1010 of Fig. 8, with the pinion operating handle in a vertical position.

Fig. 11 is a partial detail plan View of the cutting portion of the tool with parts broken away to more clearly disclose the construction.

In the drawings, 5 designates an elongated metal frame member of channel form, its side walls 6 7, for a short distance from one end being connected by an inclined bottom wall 8, whose width is greater than the width of the frame 5, in order to form side flanges 9, 10. Bottom wall 8 is inclined downwardly and forwardly from the cutter end of the frame in order that the horizontally disposed chisel knife 11 which is adjustably secured there-to will be forced into the wood at an angle to its longitudinal axis, as in the operation of hand tools.

The horizontally disposed chisel knife 11 is detachably secured below the bottom wall 8 of the tool frame and rests on the upper surface of a gage plate 12, whose side edges are provided with upwardly extending flanges 13, 14, to prevent lateral displacement of the same when secured in position. Gage plate 12 on its forward transverse edge is provided with a downwardly extending flange 15 designed to engage the side face of a door or window frame during a cutting operation to limit the length of the cut of the horizontal chisel knife 11. In order to adjust the gage plate the same is provided with a longitudinally extending slot 16, a vertically extending bolt 17 provided with a nut 18 passing through the slot 16 formed in the chisel knife 11 and slot 16 of the gage plate holding the knife rigidly in clamped position on the frame. In order that an operator may readily adjust the chisel 11 to the depth of cut desired, adjusting screws 20, 21, are mounted in the side flanges 9, 10, of bottom wall 8, their lower ends bearing against the upper face of the knife 11, thus when a shallow cut is desired the front screws 20 are rotated upwardly until their lower ends are flush with the outer face of the bottom wall 8 of the frame, the rear screws 21 being rotated downwardly until their ends project beyond the bottom wall, this adjustment disposing the knife into substantially parallel alinement with the longitudinal aXis of the tool frame.

Secured transversely of the frame 5 and disposed above the cutting end of the chisel knife 11, is a spring operated knife. plunger mechanism 25, adapted to be actuated by the tool operator to detach the chip 26 from the mortise after the side and bottom walls have been formed. This mechanism preferably consists of a flat metal bar 27, secured to the top wall of frame 5 by means of a screw 29, and is provided with downwardly extending plunger guide lugs 30, 31, the side edges at the outer end being turned upwardly to form vertical guide lugs 32, 33, for the knife plunger frame. The inner end 3a of bar 27 is also provided with guide lugs 35, one at each side, and a circular'hole is formed in the bar 27 for the reception of a coiled plunger spring. The knife plunger mech anism preferably consists of a vertically disposed'yoked metal member 36, its side walls 37, 38, having vertically disposed guide slots 39, 40, that engage the side guide lugs 30, 31, of the bar 27, their vertical edges passing between the oppositely disposed vertical edges of the guide lugs 32, 33, and thus preventing a lateral movement of the knife plunger member 36 when depressed. The forward vertical edges of the side walls of member 36 are each provided with a knife attaching flange 37 extending at right angles thereto, and removably secured to the front faces of the flange by means of screws is a flat plunger knife 39, its lower edge extending below the frame 5 of the tool and provided between its side edges with a recess extending downwardly from its upper edge for the passage of the frame 5 therethrough. Seated in the circular hole of the top wall 28 of the frame 27 is a coiled spring 41, its upper end bearing against the under face of the transverse wall of the knife plunger frame. The tool frame 5 is also provided on the edges of its side walls 6, 7 with lugs 42, their vertical edges bearing against the rear face of the plunger knife. as clearly shown in Fig. 4;. By means of the above construction the chip formed by the side and bot tom wall cutters may be quickly detached from the formed mortise, as will be more particularly explained hereinafter.

In order to form the side wall cuts of the mortise, a detachable knife carrying frame 45 is provided. This frame preferably consists of a rectangular block 46, provided with an opening 47 for the passage therethrough of the frame 5 on which it slides. Depending from the lower transverse edge of the frame, and disposed opposite to the plunger knife is a wall 50, to the outer face of which is detachably secured a knife clamping plate 51. The side edges of this plate are bent at right angles to its front face to form flanges 52, 53, their outer vertical edge being bent at right angles to form knife engaging flanges 55, 56. The vertical side wall forming knives 58 are clamped between. the flanges 55, 56 of the clamping plate and the wall 50, the latter being provided with grooves 57 for engaging the knives; see Figs. 6 and 7. Secured to the inner face of wall 50 is an angle member 60, its lower transverse leg (Sl lying flush with the lower transverse edge of wall 50. Leg 61 is designed to rest upon the surface of the door or window frame when a hinge mortise is being formed therein to guide the tool in its forward cut ting movement.

Pivotally secured to the side walls of the detachable knife carrying frame is a plunger depressing lever 65 of yoke form, its side walls normally resting against the upper transverse edge of the plunger knife attaching flange. 37. hen it is desired to detach the chip 526 of the mortise after the same has been formed by the cutting knives, the lever 65 is forced downwardly by a blow of the hand, thereby depressing the knife 1 plunging mechanism 36 carrying the plungerknife. 39 to sever the chip from the formed mortise.

Disposed in the channel frame 5 of the tool and rigidly secured in place therein is a rack that extends approximately from one end of the frame to the other. Slidingly mounted on the channel frame 5 is a frame reciprocating mechanism 71 which preferably consists of a yoke member 72 having side, top and bottom walls 73, 74:, 75, respectively. Disposed upon the bottom wall 75 and rigidly secured in place therein is a rack member 76. Secured to the bottom wall in any suitable manner is a transversely extending abutment jaw 77, its transverse edge 7 8 engaging the side wall of the door frame 79 as clearly shown in Fig. l of the drawings. In order to hold it in engagement with the frame, a plurality of horizontally disposed lugs or tongues 80 are forn'ied on the upper edge of the. transverse aw 7 7, the said tongues engaging the outer surface of the door frame. Disposed within the yoke member 72 and meshing with the racks 70 and 76, is a pinion 81 having number of teeth removed therefrom in order that it will not mesh with the rack 70 when an adjustment is made prior to the formation of the mortise. Rigidly secured at its lower ends to the pinion 81 is an operating arm 82 provided on the upper end with a handle S3 of usual form.

The operation of the mortising tool is as follows. The chisel knife member 11 is first adjusted longitudinally of the tool frame in order to regulate the forward movement of the knife during a cutting operation, the adjusting screw 20, 21, being rotated to regulate the depth of. cut, the side wall knives 58 being adjusted vertically so that the cuts formed thereby will be deeper than the bot tom wall cut (see Fig. 4), thus permitting a complete detachment of the chip 26 from the mortise on an operation of the plunger knife 39, as heretofore described. After the requisite adjustments of the knives have been made, the tool operating handle is brought into the position shown in F l, in order that the mutilated portion of the pinion 81 will rest against the tool rack 70, thus permitting a sliding ad istinent along the frame 5, the tool is then applied to the door frame 79 as clearly shown in Flo. with the abutment jaw '4"? l k engaging one of the side walls of the frame, and the vertical side wall knives 58 engaging its opposite side wall. The operator then steadics the rear portion of the tool carrying the mortising knives ith one hand, and with the other he grasps the operating handle 88 and rotates the same in the direction indicated by the arrow in 1. As the yoke member 72 is stationary it will be apparent that on a partial rotation of the operating handle that the pinion 81 will reciprocate the frame forwardly, forcing the chisel and. side wall knives in the wood of the frame to form the cuts. lVhen the frame has reached the limit of its forward movement the operator quick- .ly depresses the knife plunger lever 65 to detach the chip 26 from the formed mortise or recess, as clearly shown in 9. The operating handle is then rotated back into its initial position as shown in Fig. 1 to disengage the tool from the door frame.

In Figs. 8 to 11 inclusive of the drawings a form of tool especially adapted for forming hinge mortises in hard woods, such as oak, ash birch, etc., is shown, it requiring an excessive amount of force when operating on woods of such character to form the side and bottom walls of the mortise simultaneously as in the form of tool heretofore described. In: this form of tool the side wall cuts are first formed, and then the botto n cut is made, the final detachment of the chip 26 being made as in the first form. in the form, of tool above mentioned the frame rack bar 85 movable, in order that the side wall cutt' 1g knives may he forced into the wood prior to the formation of the bottom wall cut, the inner end of said rack bar normally abutting the vertically disposed clamping bolt 17. Secured to the rear end of the rack 85, is a bolt 86 threaded at its outer end for the reception of an adjusting nut 87. Bolt 86 passes through an opening in the clamping bolt fl, and the nut 87 is provided on its inner end with a sleeve 88 formed integral therewith. A coiled. spring 89 is mounted on the sleeve, its ends hearing against the bolt 1! and nut 87 serving to retract the rack bar after a cutting operation as will be more fully explained hereinafter. Rack bar 85 is provided on its bottom wall with a transversely extending lug 90 that normally engages a horizontally disposed tongue 91 formed on the upper edge of the side wall of the knife clamping plate 50. Rack bar 85 adjacent its inner end is provided with a vertically disposed aperture 92 into which projects a locking bolt 93, the lower end of said bolt being attached to a flat spring 9%- whose free end is secured. in any suitable manner to the under face of the rack bar, as clearly shown in Fig. 9 of the drawing. The upper end of locking bolt 93 normally projects into an aperture 95 formed in the upper wall of the channel frame 5 of the tool. Pivotally secured to the side walls of the frame 5 is the locking bolt actuating lever 96 provided with a pin 97 secured to the under face of the transversel dis Josed thumb o aeratine oortion 98 of the lever. By means of the above described mechanism the side wall cuts of the mortise are formed prior to the formation of the bottom wall cut by the knife 11, this feature of the tool mechanism being highly essential when operating or forming mortises on woods of hard varieties as heretofore set forth.

In operation, when it is desired to form the several cuts of a hinge mortise in sequence, the operator adjusts the chisel knife as in the form shown and described in Fig. 1. The operator next rotates the adjusting nut 87 so as to regulate the length of the side wall mortise cuts, and then grasps the frame at the same time he depresses the locking lever 96 so as to disengage the bolt 93 from engagement with the frame, on a forward movement of the operating lever 82 the sliding rack bar 85 through the medium of the transverse lug 90 will force the knife carrying frame 45 forwardly along the rack bar, the side wall knives entering the wood and forming the cuts of the desired depth until the sleeve 88 contacts with the vertical clamping bolt 1? and as clearly shown in Fig. 8 of the drawings. ll hen the side wall cuts are formed the operator releases lever 82 and coil spring 89 will then retract the By detachably mounting the knife carrying frame on the tool, the same may be quickly detached therefrom when it is desired to remove the side wall knives for resharpening or to adjust the same vertically.

hat I claim is:

1. A hinge mortising tool comprising a tool frame provided on one end thereof with a chisel, an abutment jaw movably mounted on said tool frame, a cutter fran'ie secured to said tool frame member, a plurality of knives secured to said cutter frame for forming the side wall cuts of the hinge mortise, a plunger knife mounted on said tool frame for removing the chip formed by the side wall and chisel knives, and gear means for moving the tool frame to form the bottom and site wall cuts of the hinge seat mortise.

2. A hinge mortising tool comprising an elongated frame member carrying a rack bar on its under face, an abutment jaw slidingly mounted on said frame member, a pinion mounted on said abutment jaw and meshing with said rack bar, an operating lever connected to said pinion for advancing the frame member during a mortising op eration, a horizontally disposed chisel knife for forming the bottom out of the hinge mortise adjustably secured to one end of said tool frame, a frame carrying a plurality of knives for forming the side wall cuts of the hinge mortise mounted on the tool frame between the chisel knife and the sliding abutment jaw, and a transversely disposed plunger knife mounted on the tool frame adapted to sever the chip from the mortise after the formation of the bottom and side wall cuts.

A hinge mortising tool comprising a tool frame having a horizontally disposed chisel knife secured to one end thereof for forming the bottom wall cut of the hinge seat, an abutment member slidingly mounted on the tool frame, gears carried by said tool frame and abutment member, an operating gear engaging the gears of the tool frame and abutment memher and an operating lever therefor, whereby to reciprocate the chisel knife secured to the tool frame to form the bottom wall cut of the hinge seat, and a second frame member secured to the tool frame provided with a plurality of knives for forming the side and back wall cuts of the hinge seat.

t. A hinge mortising tool comprising a movable member provided with a rack, an abutment member slidably mounted on said frame, said abutment member having a rack formed thereon, a pinion gear engaging the frame and abutment member racks and means to rotate the pinion to reciprocate the movable member, a chisel knife member connected to said frame member for forming the bottom wall cut of the hinge mortise, a

frame carrying a pair of knives for forming the side wall cuts secured to the movable member, and a )lunger knife also connected to said frame or detaching the chip from the mortise after the operation of the side wall and chisel knives.

5. A hinge mortising tool comprising a frame body carrying a plurality of cutters adjustably secured thereto, a yoke member provided with an abutment aw mounted on said frame body, said yoke member and frame body provided with gear teeth, a mutilated pinion engaging said gear teeth, an operating arm secured to said pinion for rotating the same to move said frame body and the cutters attached thereto to form a hinge seat, and a plunger knife secured to said f 'ame body for removing the chip formed by the tool cutters.

6. A. mortising tool comprising a frame member provided with a rack gear on its under face, a chisel adjustably secured to one end of said frame member for forming the bottom wall cut of the mortise, a yoke member provided with a transversely extending abutment wall and having a rack gear, a pinion operatively mounted on said yoke mer' ber and meshing with the racks of the frame and yoke member and an operating lever connected thereto, a plurality of cutters secured to the tool frame for forming the side wall cuts of the mortise, and a plunger knife for detaching the chip formed by the chisel andthe cutters.

7. A hinge mortising tool comprising a tool rame, an abutment member adjustably mounted on said tool frame and means for reciprocating the tool frame with respect to the abutment member, a chisel knife secured to the tool frame for forming the bottom wall cut of the mortise, a pair of cutters secured to said tool frame for forming the side wall cuts of the mortise on a reciprocation of the tool frame, and means for severing the chip formed by said chisel knife and cutters.

8. A hinge mortising tool comprising an elongated channel frame, a rack gear mounted in the channel of said frame, a chisel secured to one end of said frame for forming the bottom wall cut of the hinge mortise, a yoke carrying side wall forming knives slidingly mounted on said channel frame, an abutment jaw movably secured to said frame, a rack gear secured to said abutment jaw and operating means therefor, a spring latching means secured to the rack gear of the channel frame for locking the tool frame and tool frame rack gear together when the frame is reciprocated, means to disengage the locking means to permit the movements of the frame rack gear when forming the rack gear to form the side Wall cuts, and a plunger knife for detaching the chip from the seat secured to the channel frame.

9. A hinge IDOItiSiIlg tool comprising a tool frame, a rack bar connected thereto for movement independently of the frame, a chisel connected to one end of the tool frame, a yoke carrying side Wall cutters slidingly mounted on said tool frame, a plunger knife secured to said frame, an abutment jaw having a rack gear mounted on said tool frame, a pinion gear meshing With the racks of the tool frame and abutment jaw and an operating lever therefor, a latch for connecting the rack bar to the frame, means on the frame for disengaging the latch to permit of a movement of the rack bar independent of the tool frame, and means on the rack bar for engaging the yoke carrying the side Wall cutters on a reciprocation of the rack bar.

In Witness that I claim the foregoing I have hereunto subscribed my name this 29th day of December, 1924:.

JOHN A. WALLER. 

